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Title

Pharmacology for Dialysis Practitioners, Part 4: Cardiovascular Drugs (1.5 credit hours)

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases are so prevalent in the population that it is unlikely for a healthcare provider to work a single day without caring for a patient with at least one of these disorders. This course addresses drugs prescribed for cardiovascular illnesses and will be presented according to their primary site of action; those acting on the heart, kidneys, vascular tree, and finally the clotting mechanism. Each category is examined with reference to the specific action and desired effect for managing a particular disorder.

Planners, content specialists and feedback personnel have declared that there is no conflict of interest in the preparation and content of this module. There is no commercial support for or endorsement of products in this module.

Author

Dan Becker, D.D.S

Dr. Becker received his bachelor of science in zoology from Ohio University in 1968 and his doctor of dental surgery from Ohio State University in 1972. Although Dr. Becker is a dentist, his interest always centered on academia and he began teaching biology at Sinclair Community College (Dayton, OH) as a part-time instructor in the autumn of 1972. He accepted a full-time faculty position in the Dental Hygiene department in 1976, but continued his teaching within the Biology department as well.

Dr. Becker's interest in pharmacology and anesthesia attracted him to Miami Valley Hospital where he became involved with their dental residency instructing dental residents and learning from mentors during rotations within departments of anesthesia and emergency medicine. During this time, he developed and taught courses in pharmacology and pathophysiology for nursing and other allied health programs until his teaching at Sinclair became entirely devoted to these subject areas. Currently he is a full professor at Sinclair Community College and Associate Director of Education at Miami Valley Hospital. He has published in numerous scientific journals and textbooks, and lectures extensively throughout the United States and Canada.

Objectives

State the drug prototype, common effects, and indications for the cardiac glycosides, beta blockers and calcium channel blockers.
State the drug prototype, common effects, indications for the diuretics.
Name three drug classes used as vasodilators. For each, state the prototype, indications and most common side effects.
State the drug prototype, common effects, and indications for the antithrombotics.

Resources

Bibliography

Abramowicz M. (Editor) Drugs for hypertension. In: The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics. 2001;43:17-22.

Abramowicz M. (Editor) Drugs for chronic heart failure. In: The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics. 2001;43:99-103.

Abramowicz M. (Editor) Choice of lipid-regulating drugs. In: The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics. 2001;43:121-130.

Collins R, et al. Drug therapy: Aspirin, heparin and fibrinolytic therapy in suspected acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1997;336(12):847-60.

Kerins DM, Robertson RM, Robertson D. Drugs used for the treatment of myocardial ischemia. In: Hardman JG, Limbird LE, Eds. Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 10th edition. New York: McGraw-Hill,2001.

Ooi H, Colucci W. Pharmacological treatment of heart failure. In: Hardman JG, Limbird LE, Molinoff PB, Ruddon RW, Gilman AG Eds. Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 10th edition. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2001.

Olin BR, Hebel SK, Dombek CE, editors. Drug Facts and Comparisons. 2003 edition. St Louis: Facts and Comparisons, Inc 2003.

Opie LH, Ed. Drugs for the Heart. 4th edition. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Co; 1995.

Patrono C. Aspirin as an antiplatelet drug. N Engl J Med 1994;330(18):1287-94.

Webliography

General Info

Page Name: The Heart: An Online Exploration
URL: http://sln.fi.edu/biosci/biosci.html
Notes: interactive site about the heart.

Page Name: NOVA Online: Electric Heart
URL: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/eheart/
Notes: Interesting site from NOVA.

Page Name: American Heart Association
URL: http://www.americanheart.org/
Notes: American Heart Association home page

Drugs Acting on the Heart

Page Name: Digitalis
URL: http://www.bartleby.com/65/di/digitali.html
Notes: Brief explanation of source and uses of digitalis.

Page Name: Digitalis
URL: http://www.bris.ac.uk/Depts/Chemistry/MOTM/digitalis/digtalis.htm
Notes: History and molecular structure of digitalis.

Page Name: Digitalis toxicity
URL: http://www.healthcentral.com/mhc/top/000165.cfm
Notes: Info on digitalis toxicity.

Page Name: Angina
URL: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/angina.html
Notes: A good angina resource page with links to many gov't and other informational sites.

Page Name: Calcium Channel Blocking Agents (Systemic)
URL: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/uspdi/202107.html
Notes: Lots of info on calcium channel blockers.

Page Name: High Blood Pressure
URL: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/highbloodpressure.html
Notes: Good resource page on hypertension (high blood pressure).

Diuretics

Page Name: Kidneys
URL: http://www.ultranet.com/~jkimball/BiologyPages/K/Kidney.html
Notes: Info on the function of Kidneys.

Page Name: Treating a Sick Heart
URL: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/heart/treating.html
Notes: Info on congestive heart failure

Vasodilators

Page Name: What is blood pressure?
URL: http://www.lifeclinic.com/focus/blood/whatisit.asp
Notes: A good explanation of blood pressure with links to articles on problems with blood pressure.

Antithrombotic Agents

Page Name: THROMBOGENESIS
URL: http://www.mcphu.edu/continuing/cme/medicine/antithrom/throm.htm
Notes: Online monograph about thrombogenesis and antithrombotic therapy mechanisms and indications.

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